sources
Payments Unbound is a collaborative magazine from J.P. Morgan Payments and WIRED Consulting. Currently on its sixth volume, it contains key insights from leading voices across industries into the future of payments. Browse through the articles from every volume.
References for Volume 6
AI Agents for Shopping
1 Visa, April 30, 2025. 'Find and Buy with AI: Visa Unveils New Era of Commerce.' Available at: https://usa.visa.com/about-visa/newsroom/press-releases.releaseId.21361.html. Accessed June 2025.
Will Spatial Computing Be the Next Payments Battleground?
1 Pew Research Center, June 30, 2022. 'The Metaverse in 2040.' Available at: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/06/30/the-metaverse-in-2040. Accessed May 2025.
2 Reuters, December 5, 2022. 'Explainer: ChatGPT - what is OpenAI’s chatbot and what is it used for?' Available at: https://www.reuters.com/technology/chatgpt-what-is-openais-chatbot-what-is-it-used-2022-12-05/. Accessed May 2025.
3 Market.US, March 2024. 'Global Spatial Computing Market By Type,' Available at: https://market.us/report/spatial-computing-market/. Accessed May 2025.
4 Choicely, August 29, 2024. 'How to Estimate the In-App Purchase Revenue of Your App.' Available at: https://www.choicely.com/blog/how-to-estimate-the-in-app-purchase-revenue-of-your-app. Accessed May 2025.
5 Daily Sabah, February 7, 2025. 'Global in-app purchases soar to $150 billion in 2024.' Available at: https://www.dailysabah.com/business/tech/global-in-app-purchases-soar-to-150-billion-in-2024. Accessed May 2025.
6 PC Mag, November 1, 2022. 'Microsoft loses up to $200 on every Xbox console sold.' Available at: https://www.pcmag.com/news/microsoft-loses-up-to-200-on-every-xbox-console-sold. Accessed May 2025.
7 AR Insider, October 28, 2024. 'Survey: Who’s Using Mobile AR and How Often?' Available at: https://arinsider.co/2024/10/28/whos-using-mobile-ar-and-how-often. Accessed May 2025.
Open Banking: The Internet of Money
1 University of Cambridge: Judge Business School, 2024. ‘The Global State of Open Banking and Open Finance Report.’ Available at: https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-ccaf-the-global-state-of-open-banking-and-open-finance.pdf. Accessed June 2025.
2 Juniper Research, April 29, 2025. ‘Open Banking User Numbers to Surge by Over 250% by 2029, as Underwriting and Identity Use Cases Drive Monetisation.’ Available at: http://juniperresearch.com/press/open-banking-user-numbers-to-surge-by-over-250. Accessed June 2025.
3 University of Cambridge: Judge Business School, 2024. ‘The Global State of Open Banking and Open Finance Report.’ Available at: https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-ccaf-the-global-state-of-open-banking-and-open-finance.pdf. Accessed June 2025.
4 Comply Advantage, July 12, 2024. ‘What is PSD2 (The Payment Services Directive 2)?’ Available at: https://complyadvantage.com/insights/psd2-payment-services-directive-2. Accessed June 2025.
5 Open Banking Expo, December 4, 2024. ‘Open Banking in the US – a new era of consumer-centric innovations?’ Available at: https://www.openbankingexpo.com/features/feature-open-banking-in-the-us-a-new-era-of-consumer-centric-innovations/. Accessed August 2025.
6 Consumer Finance Monitor, October 19. 2017. ‘CFPB releases consumer protection principles for consumer-authorized sharing of financial information.’ Available at: https://www.consumerfinancemonitor.com/2017/10/19/cfpb-releases-consumer-protection-principles-for-consumer-authorized-sharing-of-financial-information/. Accessed June 2025.
7 DD News, June 9, 2025. ‘Govt’s financial inclusion drive crosses major milestones with over 55 crore Jan Dhan accounts.’ Available at: https://ddnews.gov.in/en/govts-financial-inclusion-drive-crosses-major-milestones-with-over-55-crore-jan-dhan-accounts/. Accessed June 2025.
8 Bloomberg Law, May 8, 2025. ‘CFPB Plans to Ask Court to Vacate Biden Open Banking Rule.’ Available at: https://news.bloomberglaw.com/banking-law/cfpb-intends-to-ask-court-to-vacate-biden-era-open-banking-rule. Accessed June 2025.
9 Payments Dive, May 27, 2025. ‘CFPB to yank ‘unlawful’ open banking rule.’ Available at: https://www.paymentsdive.com/news/consumer-financial-protection-bureau-eliminate-unlawful-open-banking-rule/748968/. Accessed June 2025.
10 Fintech Brainfood, May 11, 2025. ‘Open Finance is hanging by a thread.’ Available at: https://www.fintechbrainfood.com/p/open-finance-hanging. Accessed June 2025.
11 Fintech Brainfood, May 11, 2025. ‘Open Finance is hanging by a thread.’ Available at: https://www.fintechbrainfood.com/p/open-finance-hanging. Accessed June 2025.
12 Worldpay, 2025. ‘Global Payments Report: 2025.’ Available at: https://offers.worldpayglobal.com/rs/850-JOA-856/images/GPR25.pdf. Accessed June 2025.
13 Agenda: Payments, June 26, 2025. ‘Under pressure.’ Available at: https://jeremylight.substack.com/p/under-pressure. Accessed June 2025.
14 PYMNTS, June 2, 2025. ‘Visa Launches A2A Payments With Guarantees.’ Available at: https://www.pymnts.com/visa/2025/visa-launches-a2a-payments-with-guarantees/. Accessed June 2025.
15 TransUnion CIBIL, August 29, 2024. ‘More Than 100 Million Indians Monitored Their CIBIL Score and Report as of March 2024.’ Available at: https://newsroom.transunioncibil.com/more-than-100-million-indians-monitored-their-cibil-score-and-report-as-of-march-2024/. Accessed June 2025.
16 Census.Gov. ‘World Population Clock.’ Available at: https://www.census.gov/popclock/population_widget_310x200.php. Accessed August 2025.
17 Australia Data Standards Body. Available at: https://www.census.gov/popclock/population_widget_310x200.php/. Accessed June 2025
Developer Experts Answer Paytech Questions
1 KPMG, October 2024, ‘KPMG survey: Organizations report increased market pressure around new technologies.’ Available at: https://kpmg.com/us/en/media/news/global-tech-survey-2024.html. Accessed June 2025.
Acquired Hosts on How Payments Ate the World
1 Time magazine, 2025, ‘The 100 Best Podcasts of all Time.’ Available at: https://time.com/collections/100-best-podcasts/7303043/acquired/. Accessed July 2025.
2 Acquired podcast, ‘About the Show.’ Available at: https://www.acquired.fm/about. Accessed July 2025.
3 Global Media Journal, 2024, ‘The Evolution and Impact of Streaming Services: Changing the Media Landscape.’ Available at https://www.globalmediajournal.com/open-access/the-evolution-and-impact-of-streaming-services-changing-the-media-landscape.pdf?secureweb=WINWORD. Accessed July 2025.
4 Statista, ‘Internet.’ Available at: https://www.statista.com/outlook/amo/app/games/worldwide. Accessed July 2025.
5 McKinsey, 2018, ‘Global payments 2018: A dynamic industry continues to break new ground.’ Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/financial%20services/our%20insights/global%20payments%20expansive%20growth%20targeted%20opportunities/global-payments-map-2018.ashx. Accessed June 2025. – Page 5 shows that in 2013 89% of global transactions were in cash, so over 90% being in cash in 2010 can be inferred.
6 Harvard Business School, ‘Retailing Revolution: Category Killers on the Brink.’ Available at: https://www.library.hbs.edu/working-knowledge/retailing-revolution-category-killers-on-the-brink. Accessed June 2025. – Ecommerce at 5% of retail market in 2010
7 Capgemini, September 2023, Global non-cash transaction volumes set to reach 1.3 trillion in 2023.’ Available at: https://www.capgemini.com/news/press-releases/global-non-cash-transaction-volumes-set-to-reach-1-3-trillion-in-2023/. Accessed June 2025.
8 FutureTimeline.net, ‘Global average Internet speed, 1990-2050.’ Available at: https://futuretimeline.net/data-trends/2050-future-internet-speed-predictions.htm. Accessed June 2025.
9 Datareportal.com, ‘The global state of digital in February 2025.’ Available at: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2025-global-overview-report#:~:text=A%20total%20of%205.56%20billion,at%20the%20start%20of%202025. Accessed June 2025.
10 Statista, ‘Number of internet users worldwide from 2005 to 2024.’ Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/273018/number-of-internet-users-worldwide/. Accessed June 2025.
11 BBC, 3 April2023, ’50 years since the first mobile phone call!’ Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/22015456?secureweb=WINWORD#:~:text=buy%20and%20use.-,Image%20caption%2C,Nokia. Accessed July 2025.
12 Communications Today, ‘Global smartphone usage jumps by 1.5 billion in five years.’ Available at: https://www.communicationstoday.co.in/global-smartphone-usage-jumps-by-1-5b-in-five-years/?__cf_chl_tk=DtcVU72Ol3k987gRd051a5Pm2DqR_1juqSzRAROxTU4-1746104775-1.0.1.1-fhYIGLZm.nlgF5gfq2ih_CA.NGjYHYZ1in.5kovV7Yk. Accessed June 2025.
13 Statista, ‘Number of smartphone mobile network subscriptions worldwide from 2016 to 2023, with forecasts from 2023 to 2028.’ Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide/. Accessed June 2025.
14 Banking Exchange, ‘Digital Wallets Account for Half of Online Sales,’ Available at: https://www.bankingexchange.com/news-feed/item/9942-digital-wallets-account-for-half-of-online-sales?Itemid=781. Accessed June 2025.
15 Reuters, 10 April 2017,‘Banks scramble to fix old systems as IT ‘cowboys’ ride into sunset.’ Available at https://www.reuters.com/article/technology/banks-scramble-to-fix-old-systems-as-it-cowboys-ride-into-sunset-idUSKBN17C0CN/. Accessed July 2025.
16 PYMNTS, 2024. ‘75% of Companies Still Use Paper Checks Despite High Cost.’ Available at:
https://www.pymnts.com/digital-payments/2024/75percent-companies-still-use-paper-checks-despite-high-cost/. Accessed July 2025.
17 https://www.deloitte.com/us/en/services/consulting/articles/bank-integration-and-api.html
18 https://www.nacha.org/news/afp-survey-finds-major-shift-electronic-b2b-payments
19 https://www.frbservices.org/news/press-releases/050624-faster-instant-payment-surveys
20 MerchantsSavvy, January 2025, ‘Global Digital Payments Market: Statistics & Forecasts.’ Available at: https://www.merchantsavvy.co.uk/digital-payment-market/#:~:text=47%25%20of%20global%20payments%20revenues,which%20vary%20significantly%20by%20region. Accessed June 2025.
21 Business Standard, January 2025, ‘UPI transactions continue upward trajectory, hit all-time high in Dec 2024.’ Available at: https://www.business-standard.com/finance/news/upi-transactions-touch-all-time-high-in-december-125010300498_1.html. Accessed June 2025.
Are Micropayments About to Have Their Moment?
1 Agenda: payments, January 16, 2025. ‘Got a Lot o' Payin' to Do.’ Available at:
https://jeremylight.substack.com/p/got-a-lot-o-payin-to-do. Accessed July 2025.
2 European Central Bank, 2023. ‘A big future for small payments? Micropayments and their impact on the payment ecosystem.’ Available at: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/ecb.micropaymentsimpactonnpaymentsecosystem202308~bb92cda8ce.en.pdf. Accessed July 2025.
3 Central Bank of Brazil. ‘Pix Statistics.’ Available at: https://www.bcb.gov.br/en/financialstability/pixstatistics. Accessed July 2025.
4 a16zcrypto, April 25, 2025. ‘A guide to stablecoins: What, why, and how.’ Available at:
https://a16zcrypto.com/posts/article/stablecoin-guide-what-why-how/. Accessed July 2025.
5 Business Insider, September 14, 2024. ‘Nevermined Emerges as the Pioneer in AI-to-AI Transactions, Dubbed "The PayPal of AI Commerce.’ Available at:
https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/nevermined-emerges-as-the-pioneer-in-ai-to-ai-transactions-dubbed-the-paypal-of-ai-commerce-1033771590?op=1. Accessed July 2025.
Mapping global shifts
1 J.P. Morgan Payments. ‘Treasury renaissance in the Middle East.’ Available at:
https://www.jpmorgan.com/insights/treasury/treasury-management/treasury-transformation-middle-east. Accessed July 2025.
2 Mexico Business News, March 26, 2024. ‘Talent Shortage Could Hinder AI Implementation in LATAM.’ Available at: https://mexicobusiness.news/cloudanddata/news/talent-shortage-could-hinder-ai-implementation-latam. Accessed July 2025.
3 Economist Impact, May 22, 2022. ‘Seizing the opportunity: the future of AI in Latin America.’ Available at: https://impact.economist.com/new-globalisation/seizing-opportunity-future-ai-latin-america. Accessed July 2025.
4 EY, January 6, 2025. ‘EU Instant Payments Regulation: Five key hurdles for banks to clear.’ Available at:
https://www.ey.com/en_gl/insights/financial-services/emeia/eu-instant-payments-regulation-five-key-hurdles-for-banks-to-clear. Accessed July 2025.
5 Fintech News, January 23, 2025. ‘Real-Time Payments Surge in APAC as Modernisation Hurdles Persist.’ Available at: https://fintechnews.sg/106012/payments/real-time-payments-apac/. Accessed July 2025.
Visual Timeline – How Computing Changed Payments
1 United States Army National Museum, ‘ENIAC.’ Available at: https://www.thenmusa.org/armyinnovations/innovationeniaccomputer/. Accessed May 2025.
2 The Digital Revolution Chronicles: A Transformative Journey Through Computing and IT, ‘ENIAC: The First General-Purpose Computer.’ Available at: https://wikidocs.net/259410. Accessed May 2025.
3 The Digital Revolution Chronicles: A Transformative Journey Through Computing and IT, ‘The Invention of the Transistor and Its Impact on Computing.’ Available at: https://wikidocs.net/259409. Accessed May 2025.
4 Southwest Museum of Engineering, Communications and Computation, ‘GE ERMA - 100 Series - The Start.’ Available at: https://www.smecc.org/ge_erma_-_100_series_-_the_start.htm. Accessed May 2025.
5 The Wall Street Journal, June 27, 2024, ‘On This Day in Markets History: The World's First ATM Is Unveiled.’ Available at: https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-today-dow-sp500-nasdaq-live-06-27-2024/card/on-this-day-in-markets-history-the-world-s-first-atm-is-unveiled-CYF5Pfu1a5YPg2lvqFe5#:~:text=On%20June%2027%2C%201967%2C%20the,Barclays%20Bank%20branch%20in%20London. Accessed May 2025.
6 Softco, ‘Automated Clearing House.’ Available at: https://softco.com/uk/glossary/automated-clearing-house/. Accessed May 2025
7 Intel, ‘Announcing a New Era of Integrated Electronics.’ Available at: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/virtual-vault/articles/the-intel-4004.html . Accessed May 2025
8 Intel, ‘Announcing a New Era of Integrated Electronics.’ Available at: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/virtual-vault/articles/the-intel-4004.html . Accessed May 2025
9 National Transaction Corporation, ‘POS Terminal Evolution.’ Available at: https://www.nationaltransaction.com/credit-card-merchant/pos-terminal-evolution/. Accessed May 2025.
10 FinTech Magazine, June 8, 2022, ‘Technology in Fintech and the story of Online Banking.’ Available at: https://fintechmagazine.com/banking/fintech-timelines-and-the-story-of-online-banking. Accessed May 2025.
11 NPR, April 30, 2023, ‘30 years ago, one decision altered the course of our connected world.’ Available at: https://www.npr.org/2023/04/30/1172276538/world-wide-web-internet-anniversary . Accessed May 2025
12 The New York Times, August 12, 1994, ‘Attention Shoppers: Internet is Open.’ Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/12/business/attention-shoppers-internet-is-open.html . Accessed May 2025.
13 AppViewX, March 25, 2025, ‘From SSL to TLS 1.3: 30 Years of Encryption and Innovation.’ Available at: https://www.appviewx.com/blogs/from-ssl-to-tls-1-3-30-years-of-encryption-and-innovation/. Accessed May 2025.
14 PayPal, ‘Who We Are.’ Available at: https://about.pypl.com/who-we-are/history-and-facts/default.aspx. Accessed May 2025.
15 Ericsson, February 9, 2024, ‘The history of mobile internet: the technology transformation that changed the lives of billions.’ Available at: https://www.ericsson.com/en/reports-and-papers/ericsson-technology-review/articles/mobile-miracles. Accessed May 2025.
16 Cloudzero, December 15, 2023, ‘The simple guide to the history of the cloud.’ Available at: https://www.cloudzero.com/blog/history-of-the-cloud/. Accessed May 2025
17 Yahoo Finance, May 23, 2024, ‘It's Bitcoin Pizza Day: The Story Behind $700 Million In BTC Spent on One Dinner.’ Available at: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/bitcoin-pizza-day-story-behind-150023085.html. Accessed May 2025.
18 NatWest Group, ‘Banking App: 2011.’ Available at: https://www.natwestgroup.com/heritage/history-100/objects-by-theme/going-the-extra-mile/banking-app-2011.html. Accessed May 2025.
19 UK Finance, ‘Payment Services Directive 2 and Open Banking.’ Available at: https://www.ukfinance.org.uk/policy-and-guidance/guidance/payment-services-directive-2-and-open-banking. Accessed May 2025.
20 Finalert, ‘The Impact of AI and Machine Learning in Fintech.’ Available at: https://finalert.com/ai-and-machine-learning-in-fintech-applications-and-impact/. Accessed May 2025.
21 Forbes, September 26, 2024, ‘The Surge of Buy Now, Pay Later: The New Age of Consumer Financing.’ Available at: https://councils.forbes.com/blog/the-surge-of-buy-now-pay-later. Accessed May 2025.
22 Paymo, October 28, 2024, ‘5 Ways Generative AI Is Revolutionizing The Payments Industry.’ Available at: https://www.paymoapp.com/blog/generative-ai-payment-industry/. Accessed May 2025.
23 McKinsey Digital, October 23, 2023, ‘Quantum technology use cases as fuel for value in finance.’ Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/tech-forward/quantum-technology-use-cases-as-fuel-for-value-in-finance. Accessed May 2025.
Show Business: Payments' Leading Role in Entertainment
1 Telecompetitor, January 2024. ‘Parks: Video Streaming Providers Battle 50% Churn.’ Available at: https://www.telecompetitor.com/parks-video-streaming-providers-battle-50-churn/. Accessed May 2025.
2 Forbes, May 2024. ‘Netflix, Comcast And More Streaming Services Bundle Up To Battle Rampant Churn.’ Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/dbloom/2024/05/15/streaming-services-bundle-up-to-battle-rampant-churn/. Accessed May 2025.
3 Media Play Notes, September 2024. ‘EMarketer: Five Streamers Top $1 Billion in Ad Revenue in 2024.’ Available at: https://www.mediaplaynews.com/emarketer-five-streamers-top-1-billion-dollars-in-ad-revenue-in-2024/#:~:text=The%20strategic%20move%20into%20ad,up%20from%20two%20in%202020. Accessed December 2024.
4 Adweek, March 2025, ‘With Huge Engagement, Fubo Shows the Power of Pause Ads, Per EDO Study.’ Available at: https://www.adweek.com/convergent-tv/fubo-edo-pause-ads/?itm_source=parsely-api. Accessed June 2025.
5 TechCrunch, April 2020. ‘NBCUniversal makes its content and ads more shoppable with a new Checkout experience.’ Available at: https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/23/nbcuniversal-checkout/. Accessed May 2025.
6 The Hollywood Reporter, May 2024. ‘Amazon Set to Debut Remote-Enabled Shoppable Ads As It Readies Inaugural Upfront.’ Available at: https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/new-amazon-prime-video-shoppable-ads-1235891243. Accessed May 2025.
7 Marketing Drive, October 2023. ‘The future of shoppable TV ads? It isn’t QR codes.’ Available at: https://www.marketingdive.com/news/future-of-shoppable-tv-ads-not-qr-codes/695648/. Accessed May 2025.
8 The Insights Partners, ‘Voice-based Payments Market Skyrockets to $14.37 Billion by 2030 | CAGR of 10.5%, Dominated by Tech Giants - NCR Corporation, Amazon.com and Google LLC .’ Available at: https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2024/12/12/2996286/0/en/Voice-based-Payments-Market-Skyrockets-to-14-37-Billion-by-2030-CAGR-of-10-5-Dominated-by-Tech-Giants-NCR-Corporation-Amazon-com-and-Google-LLC-The-Insight-Partners.html. Accessed June 2025.
9 Goldman Sachs, April 2023. ‘The creator economy could approach half-a-trillion dollars by 2027.’ Available at: https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/the-creator-economy-could-approach-half-a-trillion-dollars-by-2027. Accessed May 2025.
10 Goldman Sachs, April 2023. ‘The creator economy could approach half-a-trillion dollars by 2027.’ Available at: https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/articles/the-creator-economy-could-approach-half-a-trillion-dollars-by-2027. Accessed May 2025.
11 Netflix, December 15, 2024. Available at: https://www.Netflix.com/tundum/article/netflix-moments. Accessed May 2025.
12 PayPal, ‘What are Micropayments?’. Available at https://www.paypal.com/uk/cshelp/article/what-are-micropayments-help549. Accessed August 2025.
13 Clear Treasury, ‘Netflix Sign up Surge Tempered by FX Risk.’ Available at: https://www.cleartreasury.co.uk/insight/netflix-fx-risk. Accessed May 2025.
14 Risk.net, February 2025. ‘Corporates pressed on FX hedges as dollar surge bites.’ Available at: https://www.risk.net/markets/7961053/corporates-pressed-on-fx-hedges-as-dollar-surge-bites. Accessed May 2025.
15 https://www.jpmorgan.com/insights/payments/cross-border-payments/paramount-global-payments
Corporate Digital IDs to Fight Business Fraud
1 Federal Trade Commission, April 1, 2024. ‘Impersonation scams: not what they used to be.’ Available at: https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/data-visualizations/data-spotlight/2024/04/impersonation-scams-not-what-they-used-be. Accessed June 2025.
2 Experian, July 1, 2024. ‘What to do if your business is a victim of business identity theft.’ Available at: https://www.experian.com/blogs/small-business-matters/2024/07/01/what-to-do-if-your-business-is-a-victim-of-business-identity-theft/. Accessed May 2025.
3 Payments Cards & Mobile, May 4, 2021. ‘The coming crisis in KYC and KYB explained.’ Available at: https://www.paymentscardsandmobile.com/the-coming-crisis-in-kyc-and-kyb-explained/. Accessed May 2025.
How NYC Became the Fintech World's Hotspot
1 Tech:NYC, ‘NY Tech Ecosystem Snapshot.’ Available at: https://www.technyc.org/nyc-tech-snapshot-2025. Accessed April 2025.
2 Lightspeed, Jan 2025, ‘New York Tech Keeps Rolling: 2024 Insights. Available at: https://lsvp.com/stories/new-york-tech-keeps-rolling-2024-insights/. Accessed July 2025.
3 New York Post, April 2024. ‘NYC saw ‘tech talent boom’ as top destination for relocating workers in 2023: study.’ Available at: https://nypost.com/2024/04/16/business/nyc-saw-tech-talent-boom-as-top-destination-for-relocating-workers-in-2023-study/. Accessed April 2025.
4 Tech:NYC, ‘NY Tech Ecosystem Snapshot.’ Available at: https://www.technyc.org/nyc-tech-snapshot-2025. Accessed June 2025.
5 nyc.gov, ‘Fashion industry.’ Available at: https://www.nyc.gov/site/internationalbusiness/industries/fashion-industry.page. Accessed June 2025.
6 Tech:NYC, ‘NY Tech Ecosystem Snapshot.’ Available at: https://www.technyc.org/nyc-tech-snapshot-2025. Accessed June 2025.
7 Ernst & Young, October 2022, ‘How the rise of PayTech is reshaping the payments landscape.’ Available at: https://www.ey.com/en_gl/insights/payments/how-the-rise-of-paytech-is-reshaping-the-payments-landscape. Accessed June 2025.
References for Volume 5
JPM ARTICLES
Sports Feature
Formula 1 Australian Grand Prix, March 2023. ‘Optus to put fans on the Albert Park GP Circuit with virtual reality.’ Available at: https://www.grandprix.com.au/fan-zone/news/optus-to-put-fans-on-the-albert-park-gp-circuit-with-virtual-reality. Accessed August 2024.
SportsPro Media, ‘F1 2023 revenue soars 25% YoY to US$3.2bn.’ Available at: https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/f1-2023-revenue-accounts-financial-year-liberty-media/. Accessed August 2024.
Pro Football Talk, February 2023, ‘Super Bowl LVIII has lowest attendance for any non-pandemic edition of the game.’ Available at: https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/super-bowl-lviii-has-lowest-attendance-for-any-non-pandemic-edition-of-the-game. Accessed September 2024.
UEFA, ‘UEFA guide to quality stadiums.’ Available at: https://editorial.uefa.com/resources/01f9-0f842793b513-3ec14e88e0ef-1000/uefa_guide_to_quality_stadiums.pdf. Accessed September 2024.
Forbes, June 2020. ‘ Why Tottenham Hotspur’s $1 Billion Stadium Will Be The Last Of Its Kind.’ Available: https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakgarnerpurkis/2020/06/05/why-tottenham-hotspurs-1bn-stadium-will-be-the-last-of-its-kind/. Accessed July 2022.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, available at: https://www.in2013dollars.com/Admission-to-sporting-events/price-inflation. Accessed August 2024.
Sports Business Journal, ‘Attendance Evolution since 2003.’ Available at: https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Journal/Issues/2023/04/10/In-Depth/attendance.aspx. Accessed August 2024.
Visa, November 2020, ‘Touchless Payments: A Key to the Return of Live Events.’ Available at: https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/global/pay-with-visa/documents/visa-touchless-payments-a-key-to-the-return-of-live-events.pdf. Accessed August 2024.
Ayden, ‘Revolutionizing stadium payments and experience through financial technology.’ Available at: https://www.adyen.com/knowledge-hub/revolutionizing-stadium-payments. Accessed October 2024.
Oracle, August 2022, ‘Stadium Goers Root for High-Tech Outings.’ Available at: https://www.oracle.com/news/announcement/stadium-goers-root-for-high-tech-outings-2022-08-09/#:~:text=42%25%20are%20frustrated%20with%20waiting,pick%20at%20a%20specific%20time. Accessed August 2024.
Payment Expert, August 2020, ‘Hard Rock Stadium to go cashless upon return from COVID-19.’ Available at: https://paymentexpert.com/2020/08/25/hard-rock-stadium-to-go-cashless-upon-return-from-covid-19/. Accessed September 2024.
F1 Miami GP, May 2024, ‘J.P. Morgan Payments To Enhance Fan Retail Experience at Formula 1 Crypto.com Miami Grand Prix 2024.’ Available: https://f1miamigp.com/news/press-release/jp-morgan-payments-2024/. Accessed July 2024.
Stadium tech Report, ‘J.P. Morgan takes first drive in stadium-based biometric payments at Miami F1 race.’ Available at: https://stadiumtechreport.com/feature/j-p-morgan-takes-first-drive-in-stadium-based-biometric-payments-at-miami-f1-race/. Accessed August 2024.
Stadium tech report, April 2024, ‘Checkout-free stores are doing well — in stadiums, anyway.’ Available at: https://stadiumtechreport.com/editorial/checkout-free-stores-are-doing-well-in-stadiums-anyway/. Accessed August 2024.
Stadium tech Report, October 2023, ‘Charting the checkout-free concession stand revolution: Almost 100 new stores launched in the last year.’ Available at: https://stadiumtechreport.com/feature/charting-the-checkout-free-concession-stand-revolution-almost-100-new-stores-launched-in-the-last-year/. Accessed September 2024.
PWC, November 2022. ‘Frictionless Retail, the future of shopping.’ Available at: https://www.pwc.co.uk/industries/documents/frictionless-retail-the-future-of-shopping.pdf. Accessed October 224.
Zippin, September 2023. ‘The Winning Play: Digital ID Verification with Checkout-Free Shopping.’ Available at: https://www.getzippin.com/blog/digital-id-and-checkout-free-shopping#:~:text=At%20the%20Zippin%2Dpowered%20Drink,they%20want%20and%20zip%20out. Accessed August 2024.
COSM, ‘Hello LA. Cosm is here.’ Available: https://www.cosm.com/los-angeles. Accessed July 2024.
Tech Target,’ Wi-Fi 6 vs. 5G: What's the difference?; Available at: https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/feature/A-deep-dive-into-the-differences-between-5G-and-Wi-Fi-6. Accessed August 2024.
Stadium Tech Report, 2023, ‘Wireless Upgrades.’ Available at: https://stadiumtechreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/STR-2023-Winter-2023-Pub-Final.pdf. Accessed August 2024.
Wi-Fi Alliance, ‘Upgrading the stadium Wi-Fi® experience with Wi-Fi 6.’ Available at: https://www.wi-fi.org/system/files/Wi-Fi_6_in_Stadiums.pdf. Accessed August 2024.
The Economist, July 2024. ‘A shift in the media business is changing what it is to be a sports fan.’ Available at: https://www.economist.com/briefing/2024/07/25/a-shift-in-the-media-business-is-changing-what-it-is-to-be-a-sports-fan. Accessed August 2024.
New York Times, May 2023. ‘The Way You Watch Sports on TV Is Changing. Here’s Why.’ Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/29/sports/regional-sports-networks-bankruptcy.html. Accessed October 2024.
Vox, August 2017. ‘Amazon will stream Thursday night NFL games this year.’ Available at: https://www.vox.com/2017/4/4/15184100/nfl-amazon-football-games-thursday-streaming-watch-live-prime-twitter. Accessed August 2024.
Investing.com, August 2024. ‘Amazon: Facts and Statistics.’ Available:
https://www.investing.com/academy/statistics/amazon-facts/. Accessed August 2024.
The Athletic, Jun 2024. ‘MLS agrees to 10-year broadcast deal with Apple worth $2.5 billion: Sources.’ Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/3490012/2022/06/14/mls-agrees-to-10-year-broadcast-deal-with-apple-worth-2-5-billion-sources/. Accessed August 2024.
The Current, September 2023, ‘ Ready to stream cricket matches and catamaran races? Niche sports get in the game.” Available at: https://www.thecurrent.com/streaming-live-sports-game-broadcasting-rights-online. Accessed August 2024.
Spryker, August 2021. ‘ The 10 biggest failures in end-of-year business – these companies lost millions.’ Available at: https://spryker.com/blog/top-10-commerce-failures/. Accessed August 2024.
DigitalTV Europe, March 2023. ‘Sports streaming goal: total engagement.’ Available at: https://www.digitaltveurope.com/longread/sports-streaming-goal-total-engagement/#close-modal. Accessed August 2024.
Yahoo Finance, Feb 2024, ‘Major League Soccer: Apple deal 'set the bar at a different level' Available at: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/major-league-soccer-apple-deal-set-the-bar-at-a-different-level-182845906.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZGFpbHltYWlsLmNvLnVrLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAAW3fb8sxqOPBscSm7QX87yZbKMESE6v4Z6SKvM4Qc0BP_jm2JQ7UoCuwVm0gua-MDItg9KOlvGzOlGXgP3Am2zzd5VVxdoojl73Pi9dvw1C7E1uU5vTQih4guW1Bv9jzLGbqV3Z6cnEUF_tPSIDU559d99n-T228Tn2NOyhlWTZ. Accessed August 2024.
Business Research Insights, ‘Licensed sports merchandise market report overview.’ Available at: https://www.businessresearchinsights.com/market-reports/licensed-sports-merchandise-market-102457. Accessed August 2024.
Ideas Bank – Healthcare
Deloitte, ‘Data is the new gold,’ Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/real-estate/articles/future-real-estate-data-new-gold.html. Accessed July 2024.
Seattle Times, Feb 2024, ‘Why health care has become a top target for cybercriminals.’ Available at: https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/health/why-health-care-has-become-a-top-target-for-cybercriminals/. Accessed July 2024.
Munich Re, ‘Fraud: One of the most expensive challenges insurers face.’ Available at: https://www.munichre.com/mrhealthtech/en/solutions/shield.html. Accessed July 2024.
Precedence Research, ‘Healthcare Biometrics Market Size, Share, and Trends 2024 to 2034.’ Available at: https://www.precedenceresearch.com/healthcare-biometrics-market. Accessed July 2024.
Biometricupdate.com, August 2022, ‘French parliament approves €20M project for biometric health card.’ Available at: https://www.biometricupdate.com/202208/french-parliament-approves-e20m-project-for-biometric-health-card. Accessed July 2024.
Ideas Bank – Saudi
Middle East Economy, ‘Saudi Arabia sees sharp increase in FDI to $65 billion after pandemic: Report.’ Available at: https://economymiddleeast.com/news/saudi-arabia-sees-sharp-increase-in-fdi-to-65-billion-after-pandemic-report/. Accessed August 2024.
Vision2030.gov.sa. ‘National Investment Strategy.’ Available at: https://www.vision2030.gov.sa/en/explore/explore-more/national-investment-strategy. Accessed September 2024.
Edge Middle East, ‘Fintech companies in KSA raised $1 bn by end of 2023.’ Available at: https://www.edgemiddleeast.com/industry/fintech-companies-in-ksa-raised-1-bn-by-end-of-2023. Accessed July 2024.
Saudgazette.com, Feb 2024. ‘Why is FinTech flourishing in Saudi Arabia?.’ Available at: https://saudigazette.com.sa/article/640247. Accessed August 2024.
SAP, ‘Getting Innovation Teams Up and Running
.’ Available at: https://www.sap.com/romania/design/stories-resources/getting-innovation-teams-up-and-running.html. Accessed July 2024.
BCG, November 2023. ‘An Ecosystem Approach to Governing Innovation Hubs.’ Available at: https://www.bcg.com/publications/2023/ecosystem-governance-for-innovation-hubs. Accessed July 2024.
Boston Review, ‘Why Innovation Hubs fail.’ Available at: https://www.bostonreview.net/forum_response/what-silicon-valley-gets-wrong-about-innovation/
BCG, November 2023. ‘An Ecosystem Approach to Governing Innovation Hubs.’ Available at: https://www.bcg.com/publications/2023/ecosystem-governance-for-innovation-hubs. Accessed July 2024.
FintechSaudi, ‘Fintech Access Guide.’ Available at: https://fintechsaudi.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/English-Fintech-Access-Guide.pdf. Accessed August 204.
Edge Middle East, ‘Fintech companies in KSA raised $1 bn by end of 2023.’ Available at: https://www.edgemiddleeast.com/industry/fintech-companies-in-ksa-raised-1-bn-by-end-of-2023. Accessed July 2024.
Simon Kucher & Partners, ‘The Future of Neobanking.’ Available at: https://www.simon-kucher.com/sites/default/files/WP_Neo-Banking_A4_Digital_CBU.pdf. Accessed July 2024.
Reuters, March 2024. ‘Amazon's AWS to launch Saudi Arabia data centers, invest over $5.3 bln.’ Available at: https://www.reuters.com/technology/amazons-aws-launch-saudi-arabia-data-centers-invest-over-53-bln-2024-03-04/. Accessed August 2024.
Roland Berger, ‘Unlocking the Data Center opportunity in KSA.’ Available at: https://www.rolandberger.com/en/Insights/Publications/Unlocking-the-Data-Center-opportunity-in-KSA.html#:~:text=Saudi%20Arabia%20Anticipates%20USD%2015,to%20~1300%20MW%20in%202030. Accessed July 2024.
Spotlight – Banking the Unbanked
World Bank, July 2022. ‘COVID-19 Boosted the Adoption of Digital Financial Services .’ Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/07/21/covid-19-boosted-the-adoption-of-digital-financial-services. Accessed May 2024.
Uncdf.org, ‘ Financial Inclusion and the SDGs.’ Available at: https://www.uncdf.org/financial-inclusion-and-the-sdgs?ref=hackernoon.com. Accessed May 2024.
International Labour Organization, ‘United Arab Emirates.’ Available at: https://www.ilo.org/united-arab-emirates#:~:text=The%20UAE%20hosts%20some%208.7,receiving%20countries%20in%20the%20world. Accessed July 2024.
UAE All Info: https://www.khaleejuae.com/minimum-salary-to-open-a-bank-account-in-dubai/. Accessed July 2024.
FXC Intelligence, ‘Al Fardan Exchange and the UAE remittances landscape.’ Available at: https://www.fxcintel.com/research/analysis/al-fardan-exchange-and-the-uae-remittances-landscape. Accessed October 2024
Al Fardan Exchange, ‘Forbes Middle East ranks Alfardan Exchange as the Top Digital Exchange House in Qatar & Among the Top 5 Exchange Houses in Digital Transformation in GCC.’ Available at: https://www.alfardanexchange.com.qa/2022/09/13/forbes-middle-east-ranks-alfardan-exchange-as-the-top-digital-exchange-house-in-qatar-among-the-top-5-exchange-houses-in-digital-transformation-in-gcc/. Accessed October 2024.
adb.org, 2022. ‘Proposed Policy-Based Loan for Subprogram 2 Republic of Indonesia: Promoting Innovative
Financial Inclusion Program.’ Available at: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/52218/52218-002-rrp-en.pdf. Accessed September 2024.
World Economic Forum, February 2024. ‘How Indonesia is creating financial inclusion through digital wallets.’ Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/02/indonesia-financial-inclusion-digital-wallets/#:~:text=In%20Indonesia%2C%20where%20over%20273,adults%20remain%20unbanked%20or%20underbanked. Accessed September 2024.
Statista, July 2024, ‘Share of rural population in Indonesia from 2014 to 2023.’ Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/760959/indonesia-share-of-rural-population/. Accessed September 2024.
BRI, ‘BRI at a glance.’ Available at: https://www.ir-bri.com/at_a_glance.html#:~:text=Establishment%20of%20BRI-,One%20of%20the%20largest%20state%2Downed%20banks%20in%20Indonesia%2C%20Bank,Savings%20Bank%20for%20Purwokerto's%20Aristocrats). Accessed September 2024.
ekon.go.id, March 2022. ‘Coordinating Minister Airlangga: Government Continues to Encourage Strengthening Economic Foundations by Establishing Digital Transformation of MSMEs as One of the Priorities.’ Accessed September 2024.
BRI, September 2024, ‘ BRI's Ultra Micro Holding Marks Three Years, Serving 176 Million Customers and 36.1 Million Borrowers .’ Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bris-ultra-micro-holding-marks-three-years-serving-176-million-customers-and-36-1-million-borrowers-302250432.html. Accessed September 2024.
University of Udayana, June 2022. ‘Udayana University Business Incubator with BRI Holds Kick-Off Brilliant Village Deepening Program 2022.’ Available at: https://www.unud.ac.id/en/berita4599-Udayana-University-Business-Incubator-with-BRI-Holds-Kick-Off-Brilliant-Village-Deepening-Program-2022.html. Accessed September 2024.
womensworldbanking.org, June 2022. ‘Ultra Micro Entrepreneurs in Indonesia.’ Accessed August 2024.
Borgen Project, ‘10 Facts About BRAC, the World’s Largest NGO.’ Available at: https://borgenproject.org/10-facts-about-brac/. Accessed September 2024.
International Finance Corporation, July 2022. IFC, BRAC Bank Partner to Launch Bangladesh’s First Ever Housing.’ Available at: https://www.ifc.org/en/pressroom/2022/ifc-brac-bank-partner-to-launch-bangladeshs-first-ever-housing-b#:~:text=About%20BRAC%20Bank&text=With%201.3%20million%20customers%2C%20the,%2C%20transparency%2C%20ethics%20and%20compliance. Accessed September 2024.
www.gov.bd, ‘Vision 2041 for developed and prosperous Bangladesh.’ Available at: https://pressinform.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/pressinform.portal.gov.bd/page/50aa82ee_7a92_4aa7_817b_bb323c098833/2023-09-12-09-29-18417c72f118bdb5393796c662aad03e.pdf. Accessed 2024.
Dhaka Tribune, September 2024. ‘Brac Bank, Apon to extend instant digital loan to RMG.’ Available at: workershttps://www.dhakatribune.com/business/banks/357842/brac-bank-apon-to-extend-digital-loan-to-workers. Accessed September 2024.
Regional Trends
European Payments Council, May 2024, ‘Pix: the latest updates on Brazil’s leading instant payment scheme.’ Available at: https://www.europeanpaymentscouncil.eu/news-insights/insight/pix-latest-updates-brazils-leading-instant-payment-scheme. Accessed August 2024.
European Payments Council, June 2024. ‘UPI: revolutionising real-time digital payments in India.’ Available at: https://www.europeanpaymentscouncil.eu/news-insights/insight/upi-revolutionising-real-time-digital-payments-india. Accessed August 2024.
Statista, ‘E-commerce in Latin America - statistics & facts.’ Available at: https://www.statista.com/topics/2453/e-commerce-in-latin-america/#:~:text=Retail%20and%20mobile%20domination&text=Regarding%20retail%20web%20visits%20and,thirds%20of%20online%20retail%20transactions. Accessed July 2024.
J.P. Morgan, ‘Payments without borders – the potential of cross and real-time payments to unlock the growth of Latin America.’ Accessed August 2024.
UNSGA, ‘Building Resilience and Financial Health through Inclusive Finance in Brazil.’ Available at: https://www.unsgsa.org/country-visits/building-resilience-and-financial-health-through-inclusive-finance-brazil. Accessed July 2024.
G20, ‘Financial well-being: quality in the population inclusion process is fundamental.’ Available at: https://www.g20.org/en/news/financial-well-being-quality-in-the-population-inclusion-process-is-fundamental#:~:text=Today%2084%25%20of%20adult%20Brazilians,and%20in%20emerging%20countries%2071%25. Accessed July 2024.
Finnovista, ‘FINNOVISTA FINTECH RADAR MÉXICO VIII EDITION.’ Available at: https://www.finnovista.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Radar-Finnovista-MEXICO-2024-INGLES.pdf. Accessed August 2024.
Radiam, July 2023. ‘Pix payments exceed credit, debit card transactions in Brazil.’ Available at: https://www.openbankingexpo.com/news/pix-payments-exceed-credit-debit-card-transactions-in-brazil/. Accessed September 2024.
Infobae, ‘What are digital wallets in Colombia and how are they growing in Colombia,’ Available at: https://www.infobae.com/en/2022/03/22/what-are-digital-wallets-in-colombia-and-how-are-they-growing-in-colombia/. Accessed July 2024.
Born2Invest, ‘Digital Wallets in Colombia Consolidated 54.63 Million Users and Moved $332 Billion.’ Available at: https://born2invest.com/articles/digital-wallets-colombia-million-users/. Accessed July 2024.
GlobalFinance, ‘World’s Most Unbanked Countries.’ Available at: https://gfmag.com/data/worlds-most-unbanked-countries/. Accessed July 2024.
Yahoo Finance, ‘Argentina Sees Surge in Buy Now Pay Later Services with Market Set to Exceed US$3 Billion by 2024 - Forecasts to 2029. Available at: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/argentina-sees-surge-buy-now-090100511.html. Accessed July 2024.
AP, Jan 2024. ‘Argentina’s annual inflation soars to 211.4%, the highest in 32 years.’ Available at: https://apnews.com/article/argentina-inflation-december-annual-milei-economic-measures-68f27bf0473590fabb5b6c1aff80579f. Accessed July 2024.
Bloomberg, May 2024, ‘Argentina’s Milei Lays Out Blueprint Toward Dollarization.’ Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-22/argentina-s-milei-lays-out-blueprint-toward-dollarization. Accessed July 2024.
McKinsey, May 2024. ‘The rapid evolution of payments in Latin America.’ Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/fin in the countrancial-services/our-insights/the-rapid-evolution-of-payments-in-latin-america. Accessed May 2024.
Central Bank of Chile, July 2017. ‘The Chilean experience of a universal access debit card.’ Available at: https://www.bis.org/ifc/events/ifc_almaghrib_cemla_satelliteseminar_programme/covaarrano_s3.pdf. Accessed July 2024.
International Banker, June 2024. ‘BancoEstado: Proud to Be an Innovative and Sustainable Public Bank That Contributes to Advancing an Entire Country.’ Available at: https://internationalbanker.com/banking/bancoestado-proud-to-be-an-innovative-and-sustainable-public-bank-that-contributes-to-advancing-an-entire-country/#:~:text=Nearly%20two%20decades%20ago%2C%20we,with%20valid%20Chilean%20identification%20documents. Accessed July 2024.
WIRED ARTICLES
Sustainability Feature:
https://brc.org.uk/media/683937/payment-survey-2023.pdf
https://capitaloneshopping.com/research/number-of-credit-card-transactions/
https://brc.org.uk/news/csr/making-checkouts-greener-cutting-co2-and-costs/
https://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/fervo-and-google-geothermal-power-facility-starts-grid-supply/
https://token.io/downloads/juniper-research-whitepaper-2023
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant_category_code
https://cities-today.com/industry/what-happens-when-open-loop-ticketing-goes-nationwide/
https://www.climateview.global/en
https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/electric-vehicles
https://www.edmunds.com/electric-car/articles/percentage-of-electric-cars-in-us.html
IB VRPS:
https://www.paymentsjournal.com/are-we-approaching-a-world-without-cards/
https://www.finextra.com/pressarticle/98315/uk-payment-providers-frustrated-by-lack-of-vrp-progress
https://www.econverse.com.br/en/blog/pix-automatico-facilitando-suas-transacoes/
Reality Check:
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1953-0411-71
Two Sides:
VC Hottakes:
Visual Timeline:
Data Viz:
J.P. MORGAN, SELECT CHASE CREDIT AND DEBIT CARD TRANSACTION DATA. TOTAL SPENDING IN NONRECURRING CATEGORIES
References for Volume 4
Gaming feature
Statista, Life-to-date consumer spending generated by Call of Duty series worldwide as of June 2022.’ Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1244198/cod-lifetime-player-spending/#:~:text=As%20of%20June%202022%2C%20first,U.S.%20dollars%20in%20December%202020. Accessed January 2024. – Figures are from 2022, estimate is total sales are even higher now, around $32 billion.
CNBC, Jan 2021,‘The 13 highest-grossing film franchises at the box office.’ Available at:
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/31/the-13-highest-grossing-film-franchises-at-the-box-office.html. Accessed May 2024.
The Numbers, ‘Pinpoint Box Office Numbers from the Industry Leaders.’ Available at: https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/franchises#franchise_overview=od4. Accessed January 2024.
Visualcapitalist.com, December 2023. ‘50 Years of Video Game Industry Revenues, by Platform.’ Available at: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/video-game-industry-revenues-by-platform/. Accessed April 2024.
Ampere Analysis, July 2022, ‘Global games market forecast to decline in 2022.’ Available at: https://www.ampereanalysis.com/insight/global-games-market-forecast-to-decline-in-2022. Accessed April 2024.
Statista, ‘Global recorded music revenue from 1999 to 2023.’ Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/272305/global-revenue-of-the-music-industry/#:~:text=Global%20revenue%20of%20the%20recorded%20music%20industry%201999%2D2022&text=In%202022%2C%20the%20total%20revenue,dollars%20in%20the%20same%20year. Accessed April 2024.
IBIS World, September 2023, ‘Global Movie Production & Distribution - Market Size (2005–2029). Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com/global/market-size/global-movie-production-distribution/. Accessed April 2024.
GameDev Reports, March 2023. ‘Ampere Analysis: The console gaming market dropped in 2022; PlayStation 5 is selling almost twice as better as Xbox Series.’ Available at: https://gamedevreports.substack.com/p/ampere-analysis-the-console-gaming-91a. Accessed February 2024.
Statista Consumer Market Outlook, ‘Revenue share of the video game consoles market worldwide from 2018 to 2027, by sales channel.’ Available at: https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1294144/revenue-share-video-game-consoles. Accessed February 2024.
GameByte, January 2023. ‘90% of video game sales in 2022 were digital.’ Available at: https://www.gamebyte.com/90-of-video-game-sales-in-2022-were-digital/. Accessed May 2024.
Omdia, October 2023. ‘Omdia research projects game subscriptions revenue to surpass $22 billion by 2027.’ Available at: https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/omdia-research-projects-game-subscriptions-revenue-to-surpass-22-billion-by-2027-301962347.html. Accessed April 2024.
Newzoo,’Global Games Market 2023.’ Available at: https://resources.newzoo.com/hubfs/Reports/Games/2023_Newzoo_Free_Global_Games_Market_Report.pdf?utm_campaign=2023-08-GMRF-GGMR%202023%20free%20report&utm_medium=email&_hsenc=p2ANqtz--B4Ymd9-CP5DxrbpjAmRFqllUDd4yWHDQuzBZ8H0xO-iELvg3pP4CkQ3Tl3Z3BeRkUrrJHuorI_3a9iU-6yNnNHrKjcF10VJ4zwRPmgwJN7rMs1AA&_hsmi=269284764&utm_content=269284764&utm_source=hs_automation. Accessed April 2024.
Latentview, November 2022. ‘Is Subscription Economy the Future of Gaming?’ Available at: https://www.latentview.com/blog/is-subscription-economy-the-future-of-gaming/ . Accessed February 2024.
AmpereAnalysis, September 2022. ‘Live service titles in Xbox Game Pass approach 10% of catalogue.’ Available at: https://www.ampereanalysis.com/insight/live-service-titles-in-xbox-game-pass-approach-10-of-catalogue. Accessed February 2024.
https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20240130-the-gaming-industry-is-aiming-for-subscribers-will-gamers-play-along
PR Newswire, October 2023. ‘Omdia research projects game subscriptions revenue to surpass $22 billion by 2027.’ Available at: https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/omdia-research-projects-game-subscriptions-revenue-to-surpass-22-billion-by-2027-301962347.html. Accessed February 2024.
Musicbusinessworldwide, October 2023. ‘WITH ITS PATENTED MUSIC INTEGRATION ENGINE AND IN-GAME PURCHASES, REACTIONAL MUSIC CLAIMS TO BE ‘THE MISSING LINK’ BETWEEN THE MUSIC AND GAMES INDUSTRIES.’ Available at: https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/with-its-patented-music-integration-engine-and-in-game-purchases-reactional-music-claims-to-be-the-missing-link-between-the-music-and-games-industries/. Accessed May 2024.
Gamesindustrybiz, December 2020. ‘GamesIndustry.biz presents… The Year in Numbers 2020.’ Available at: https://www.gamesindustry.biz/gamesindustry-biz-presents-the-year-in-numbers-2020. Accessed May 2024.
Statista, February 2024. ‘Share of internet users worldwide playing games on selected devices as of 3rd quarter 2023.’ Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/533047/leading-devices-play-games/. Accessed April 2024.
Backbone, see: https://playbackbone.com/gb/
CNBC, October 2022, ‘How free-to-play and in-game purchases took over the video game industry.’ Available at: https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/06/how-free-to-play-and-in-game-purchases-took-over-video-games.html. Accessed May 2024.
National Institutes of Health, Jan 2023. ‘The Health Effects of Video Games in Children and Adolescents.’ Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36587018/. Accessed April 2024. Accessed April 2024.
Bloomberg, February 2024. ‘Roblox Game Developers Earned a Record $741 Million Last Year?’ Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-21/how-much-do-roblox-game-makers-earn-741-million-in-2023. Accessed April 2024
PCgamer, April 2021, ‘Minecraft modders have sold a billion mods, made over $350M since Microsoft bought it.’ Available at: https://www.pcgamer.com/minecraft-modders-have-sold-a-billion-mods-for-more-than-dollar350m-since-microsoft-bought-it/
TheVerge.com, ‘Epic is going to give 40 percent of Fortnite’s net revenues back to creators.’ Available at: https://www.theverge.com/2023/3/22/23645633/fortnite-creator-economy-2-0-epic-games-editor-state-of-unreal-2023-gdc. Accessed April 2024.
https://www.juniperresearch.com/press/losses-online-payment-fraud-exceed-362-billion/
https://risk.lexisnexis.com/insights-resources/research/us-ca-true-cost-of-fraud-study
https://www.sita.aero/pressroom/blog/the-evolution-of-biometrics-and-border-control/
https://www.veriff.com/blog/the-future-of-biometric-technology
https://luca-giuzzi.unibs.it/corsi/Support/papers-cryptography/RAD78.pdf
https://www.reliaquest.com/platform/digital-risk-protection/
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ai-future-passwords-passkeys-replace-traditional-abdul-owais-hazari/
https://blog.google/technology/safety-security/passkeys-default-google-accounts/
https://passkeys.directory/
https://www.daon.com/resource/the-promise-of-passkeys/
https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/E3G5JMBP
https://luca-giuzzi.unibs.it/corsi/Support/papers-cryptography/RAD78.pdf
https://venafi.com/blog/homomorphic-encryption-what-it-and-how-it-used/
https://research.ibm.com/blog/what-is-synthetic-data
https://www.jpmorgan.com/technology/technology-blog/synthetic-data-for-real-insights
https://mostly.ai/blog/15-synthetic-data-use-cases-in-banking#h-fraud-and-anomaly-detection
mckinsey.com/capabilities/risk-and-resilience/our-insights/localization-of-data-privacy-regulations-creates-competitive-opportunities
Global Trends
HSBC, April 2023. ‘Cash management in Asia: The key trends to empower treasury.’ Available at: https://www.gbm.hsbc.com/en-gb/insights/innovation/cash-management-in-asia-the-key-trends-to-empower-treasury. Accessed February 2024.
Openbanking.org, November 2023, ‘New Impact Report reveals increased adoption and product innovation.’ Available at: https://www.openbanking.org.uk/insights/new-impact-report-reveals-increased-adoption-and-product-innovation/. Accessed March 2024.
Amazon, July 2023. ‘Amazon One palm payment technology is coming to all 500+ Whole Foods Market stores in the U.S.’ Available at: https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/retail/amazon-one-whole-foods-market-palm-scanning. Access March 2024.
Forbes, December 2023. ‘Robots And AI Power New ‘Fully Autonomous’ Burger Restaurant CaliExpress.’ Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/rogerdooley/2023/12/20/robots-and-ai-power-new-fully-autonomous-burger-restaurant-caliexpress/?sh=4144710f7fa0&secureweb=OUTLOOK. Accessed April 2024.
Trillion Dollar Question
Waitwhile,’ Consumer Survey: The State of Waiting in Line (2023).’ Available at: https://waitwhile.com/blog/consumer-survey-waiting-in-line-2023/#:~:text=Consumer%20impatience%20rose%20by%20176%25%20YoY&text=The%20vast%20majority%20of%20consumers%20still%20associate%20waiting%20in%20line,when%20they%20have%20to%20wait. Accessed March 2024.
Business Money, June 2022. ‘Lack of payment options cause 9 in 10 shoppers to abandon online purchases.’ Available at: https://www.business-money.com/announcements/lack-of-payment-options-cause-9-in-10-shoppers-to-abandon-online-purchases/. Accessed March 2024.
Ideas Bank – Ecosystems
McKinsey, April 2023. ‘Strategies to win in the new ecosystem economy.’ Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/strategies-to-win-in-the-new-ecosystem-economy. Accessed January 2023.
IB: Conversational Analytics
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4573321
https://www.platformer.news/p/google-unveils-gemini
IB: Soft POS
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366552172/Number-of-UK-contactless-payments-increased-30-last-year
https://whitesight.net/2023-emfi-roundup-instore-payments/#:~:text=SoftPOS%3A%20Now%2C%20think%20about%20the,or%20tap%2Don%2Dphone
https://www.jpmorgan.com/about-us/corporate-news/2023/jpm-payments-enables-tap-to-pay-on-iphone-for-us-merchants-starting-with-sephora
https://www.juniperresearch.com/press/soft-pos-users-to-grow-globally-by-2027
https://www.finextra.com/pressarticle/94826/danish-national-rail-operator-adopts-softpos-tech-from-softpay-and-nets
https://nfc-forum.org/news/2023-07-7-insights-from-the-nfc-forum-technical-roadmap/
https://nfc-forum.org/news/2023-12-softpos-the-next-great-disruptor-to-the-payments-ecosystem/
Reality Check
https://www.c2es.org/content/carbon-dioxide-removal/#:~:text=The%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences,CDR%20each%20year%20by%202100
https://about.bnef.com/blog/carbon-capture-investment-hits-record-high-of-6-4-billion/
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05112023/landowners-fight-co2-pipeline-midwest-navigator/
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/18/revealed-forest-carbon-offsets-biggest-provider-worthless-verra-aoe
https://www.klarna.com/international/press/klarna-launches-carbon-footprint-insights-for-90-million-consumers/
https://www.reuters.com/world/us/facing-brutal-climate-math-us-bets-billions-direct-air-capture-2023-04-18/
https://liftoff.energy.gov/carbon-management/
Two Sides
N/A
Visual Timeline
International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 9 Issue 7, July 2019, HISTORY OF BANKING IN INDIA AND EMERGENCE OF NEW GENERATION BANKS, by Rajisha T, https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2019/IJRSS_JULY2019/IJMRA-15886.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20190120043055/https://m.rbi.org.in/Scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=155
https://corporate.westernunion.com/
https://stripe.com/blog/reimagining-bank-transfers
Paying with plastic : the digital revolution in buying and borrowing, by Evans, David S. (David Sparks), 1954-, https://archive.org/details/payingwithplasti0000evan/page/n387/mode/2up, retrieved 17 January 2024
https://stripe.com/gb/resources/more/what-are-payment-rails
https://softco.com/uk/glossary/automated-clearing-house/#:~:text=The%20first%20automated%20clearing%20house,which%20began%20operations%20in%201972.
https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/08v14n2/0809prei.pdf
https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt1703g.pdf
https://www.bis.org/cpmi/publ/d22.pdf
https://www.swift.com/about-us/history
https://xsreviews.co.uk/editorial/the-history-of-mobile-payments/#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20first%20recorded,pay%20using%20their%20cell%20phones
https://www.westernunion.com/blog/en/gb/what-is-a-p2p-payment-system-how-does-it-work/
https://novosec.de/documents/eCommerce_PayPal_en.pdf
https://about.pypl.com/who-we-are/history-and-facts/default.aspx
https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt1703g.pdf
https://www.fintechfutures.com/2020/11/how-real-are-real-time-payments/
https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt1703g.pdf
https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/decoding-crypto%3A-what-was-the-first-cryptocurrency-and-who-created-it-2021-08-18
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/financial-services-unchained-the-ongoing-rise-of-open-financial-data
https://www.openbanking.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/What-Is-Open-Banking-Guide.pdf
https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/explainers/what-is-a-central-bank-digital-currency
https://techinformed.com/2024-informed-fintech-and-digital-currency-predictions/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIn%202024%2C%20we'll,use%20cases%2C%20including%20offline%20payments.
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